Role of Epigenetics in controlling the time of plant flowering

For the study of flowering, Arabidopsis thaliana which is a tiny plant (related to mustard) is used by IBS scientists. Arabidopsis has small white flowers originating from floral stem cells. The stem cells are maintained at an initial stage of development and then differentiate into four petals, four sepals, 2 fused carpels and six stamens. Epigenetic regulation is one of the most important mechanisms to regulate flowering time. It regulates gene expression through chemical modifications of DNA and its interacting proteins, however, while not ever-changing the DNA sequence. If you're thinking that of the DNA contained in every cell as a giant book that contains all the data, these chemical modifications are often thought as bookmarks that tell the cell that pages to browse and which to skip over time. A selected sort of chemical modification known as acetylation, occurring on DNA bounded proteins (histones), are often promoted or removed by specific proteins. Minimum eighteen proteins are present in Arabidopsis that take away these chemical modifications and are mentioned as simple protein deacetylases (HDACs). Which are the targets of HDACs, however they coordinate with each other and the way they move with other proteins remains unclear. This study discovered the proteins that move to at least one of those chemical modifications that control the time of flowering.


IBS researchers focused on the HDA9 which is a 9th HDAC. This protein is thought to manage many biological processes, like flowering time, stress responses and seed dormancy. Plants which are lacking this protein have enlarged fruits and bloomed earlier, indicating that the regulation of the stem cells activity was compromised. The scientists discovered that pwr and HDA9 type a protein complex that removes the chemical modifications from a protein bound to desoxyribonucleic acid known as histone 3. Within the same manner as removing a marker from the "DNA book" indicates that you just don't need to read the pages next to the marker, removing this chemical modification reduces the assembly of AGL19, a protein that causes early flowering. In this manner, plants maintain traditional flowering time. "PWR, HDA9, and AGL19 regulate flowering time.

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